4. Biomass

With modern biomass boilers over 90% efficient, is the best answer for carbon reduction lurking in the woods? Best suited to rural areas near a ready supply of fuel, biomass boilers provide heat and hot water in many commercial and domestic installations. Trees store carbon as they mature, so burning biomass releases no more carbon into the atmosphere than it extracts. If trees are planted at the rate they are burned the approach is zero carbon (excluding transport of fuel from the equation).